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Sociocultural evolution
"Cultural evolution" redirects here. For gene-culture coevolution, see Dual inheritance theory.
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Sociocultural evolution(ism) is an umbrella term for theories of cultural evolution and social evolution, describing how cultures and societies have changed over time. Note that "sociocultural evolution" is not an equivalent of "sociocultural development" (unified processes of differentiation and integration involving increases in sociocultural complexity), as sociocultural evolution also encompasses sociocultural transformations accompanied by decreases of complexity (degeneration) as well as ones not accompanied by any significant changes of sociocultural complexity (cladogenesis).[1] Thus,sociocultural evolution can be defined as "the process by which structural reorganization is affected through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitatively different from the ancestral form.... Evolutionism then becomes the scientific activity of finding nomothetic explanations for the occurrence of such structural changes".[2] Although such theories typically provide models for understanding the relationship between technologies, social structure, the values of a society, and how and why they change with time, they vary as to the extent to which they describe specific mechanisms ofvariation and social change.
Historically, Europeans had tried to explain the meaning of “primitive” societies, with some arguing that primitive peoples had degenerated from a “barbarous” to an even lower “savage” state. These observers often saw European society as symbolizing the highest state of “civilization.”[3] Over time, important commentators like Edward Burnett Tylor, Lewis Henry Morgan, Franz Boas, Leslie White, and Julian Steward elaborated on this thinking with theories from unilinear evolution to the “culture history” approach.[3]
Sociocultural modeling[4] is an umbrella term for theories of cultural and social evolution, which aims to describe how cultures and societies have developed over time. Such theories typically provide models for understanding the relationship between technologies, social structure, the beliefs, values and goals of a society, and how and why they change with time.[5] Such models are of particular interest to the military in helping unstable regions transition to more stable sustainable states. Most 19th century and some 20th century approaches aimed to provide models for the evolution of humankind as a whole, arguing that different societies are at different stages of social development. The most comprehensive attempt to develop a general theory of social evolution with center in the development of socio-cultural system was done by Talcott Parsons on a scale which included a theory of world-history. Another attempt both on a less systematic scale was attempted by World System approach. Many of the more recent 20th-century approaches focus on changes specific to individual societies and reject the idea of directional change, or social progress. Mostarchaeologists and cultural anthropologists work within the framework of modern theories of sociocultural evolution. Modern approaches to sociocultural evolution include neoevolutionism, sociobiology, theory of modernization and theory of postindustrial society.
Queen of Jordan’s mission is to educate young girls
Queen of Jordan’s mission is to educate young girls |
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TI to acquire National Semiconductor
Complementary portfolios are foundation for growth
Conference call on TI and National websites at 4:30 p.m. CDT / 2:30 p.m. PDT today
www.ti.com/ir and www.national.com/invest
DALLAS and SANTA CLARA, Calif., April 4, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) (NYSE: TXN) and National Semiconductor (NYSE: NSM) today announced they have signed a definitive agreement under which TI will acquire National for $25 per share in an all-cash transaction of about $6.5 billion. The acquisition combines two industry leaders in analog semiconductors, each with unique strengths in delivering products to improve performance and efficiency and convert real-world signals in electronic systems. The boards of directors of both companies have unanimously approved the transaction."This acquisition is about strength and growth," said Rich Templeton, TI's chairman, president and chief executive officer. "National has an excellent development team, and its products combined with our own can offer customers an analog portfolio of unmatched depth and breadth. In recent years, National's management team has done an outstanding job of improving margins and streamlining expenses, which upon close will increase TI's profitability and earnings per share, excluding transaction costs. Our ability to accelerate National's growth with our much larger sales force is the foundation of our belief that we can produce strong returns on our investment. The combined sales team will be 10 times larger than National's is today, and the portfolio will be exposed to more customers in more markets."
"Our two companies complement each other very well," said Don Macleod, National's chief executive officer. "TI has much greater scale in the marketplace, with its larger portfolio of products and its large global sales force. This provides a platform to enhance National's strong and highly profitable analog capability, power management in particular, leading to meaningful growth."
Each company has unique strengths. Among them are the breadth of TI's 30,000 analog products, extensive customer reach, and industry-leading manufacturing including the world's first 300-millimeter analog factory. National brings a portfolio of 12,000 analog products, a strong position with customers in the industrial power market, and excellent customer design tools. Upon close of the transaction, National becomes part of TI's analog segment, and sales of analog semiconductors will represent almost 50 percent of TI's revenue.
The combined company also will benefit from National's manufacturing operations, located in Maine, Scotland and Malaysia, which TI will continue to operate. Each site has additional capacity to increase production. National's headquarters will remain in Santa Clara, California.
Under terms of the agreement, National stockholders will receive $25 in cash for each share of National common stock they hold at the time of closing. TI expects to fund the transaction with a combination of existing cash balances and debt. The acquisition is subject to customary closing conditions, including review by U.S. and international regulators and approval by National's shareholders. The transaction is expected to close in six to nine months.
The market for analog semiconductors was $42 billion in 2010. TI is the market leader with 2010 analog revenue of $6.0 billion, or 14 percent of the market. National's revenue in calendar year 2010 was about $1.6 billion, or 3 percent of the market.
For more information, see www.ti.com/acquire or www.national.com.
Investor webcast
Today at 5:30 p.m. EDT / 4:30 p.m. CDT / 2:30 p.m. PDT, TI and National will hold a live audio webcast for financial analysts and stockholders to discuss the agreement to acquire National.
The webcast will be hosted by the CEOs of each company, Rich Templeton and Don Macleod, and is accessible at www.ti.com/ir and www.national.com/invest.
About TI
Texas Instruments semiconductor innovations help 80,000 customers unlock the possibilities of the world as it could be – smarter, safer, greener, healthier and more fun. Our commitment to building a better future is ingrained in everything we do – from the responsible manufacturing of our semiconductors, to caring for our employees, to giving back inside our communities. This is just the beginning of our story. Learn more at www.ti.com.
About National
National Semiconductor is a leader in power management technology. Known for its easy-to-use analog integrated circuits and world-class supply chain, National's high-performance analog products enable its customers' systems to be more energy efficient. Headquartered in Santa Clara, Calif., National reported sales of $1.42 billion for fiscal 2010. Additional information is available at www.national.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
This release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements generally can be identified by phrases such as TI, National or management of either company "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "foresees," "forecasts," "estimates" or other words or phrases of similar import. Similarly, statements herein that describe the proposed transaction, including its financial impact, and other statements of management's beliefs, intentions or goals also are forward-looking statements. It is uncertain whether any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will transpire or occur, or if any of them do, what impact they will have on the results of operations and financial condition of the combined companies or the price of TI or National stock. These forward-looking statements involve certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in such forward-looking statements, including but not limited to: the ability of the parties to consummate the proposed merger and the satisfaction of the conditions precedent to consummation of the proposed merger, including the ability to secure regulatory approvals at all or in a timely manner; the ability of TI to successfully integrate National's operations, product lines and technology and realize additional opportunities for growth; the ability of TI to realize synergies in terms of growth and cost savings; and the other risks and important factors contained and identified in TI's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K or National's most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and other SEC filings of the companies, that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements included in this release are made only as of the date of this release. Neither TI nor National undertakes any obligation to update the forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
Additional Information and Where to Find It
National intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") a proxy statement in connection with the proposed merger with TI. The definitive proxy statement will be sent or given to the stockholders of National and will contain important information about the proposed merger and related matters. SECURITY HOLDERS ARE URGED TO READ THE PROXY STATEMENT CAREFULLY WHEN IT BECOMES AVAILABLE. The proxy statement and other relevant materials (when they become available), and any other documents filed by National with the SEC, may be obtained free of charge at the SEC's website, at www.sec.gov. In addition, security holders will be able to obtain free copies of the proxy statement from National by contacting Investor Relations by mail at National Semiconductor Corporation, Mail Stop G2-397, 2900 Semiconductor Drive, P.O. Box 58090, Santa Clara, CA 95052-8090, Attn: Investor Relations Department, or by telephone at (408) 721-5007.
Participants in the Solicitation
National and TI and their respective directors and executive officers may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies from National stockholders in connection with the proposed merger. Information about TI's directors and executive officers is set forth in TI's proxy statement for its 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with the SEC on March 7, 2011, and its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed on February 25, 2011. These documents are available free of charge at the SEC's web site at www.sec.gov, and by mail at Texas Instruments Incorporated, P.O. Box 660199, MS 8657, Dallas, TX 75266-0199, Attention: Investor Relations, or by going to TI's Investor Relations page on its corporate web site at www.ti.com. Information about National's directors and executive officers is set forth in its proxy statement for its 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which was filed with the SEC on August 11, 2010. This document is available free of charge at the SEC's web site at www.sec.gov, and from National by contacting Investor Relations by telephone at (408) 721-5007, or by mail at National Semiconductor Corporation, Mail Stop G2-397, 2900 Semiconductor Drive, P.O. Box 58090, Santa Clara, CA 95052-8090, Attn: Investor Relations Department, or by going to National's Investor Relations page on its corporate web site at www.national.com. Additional information regarding the interests of participants in the solicitation of proxies in connection with the merger will be included in the proxy statement that National intends to file with the SEC.
TXN-C
SOURCE Texas Instruments Incorporated; National Semiconductor
Posted 4 Apr 2011 4:05 PM by NewsCenter
DB and China cooperate on rail freight transport and infrastructure projects
DB and China cooperate on rail freight transport and infrastructure projects
Deutsche Bahn and the Chinese Ministry of Railways want to cooperate more closely on rail freight transport and on expanding China's rail infrastructure.
In a joint declaration, both parties confirmed their intent to strengthen rail freight transport and to step up the establishment of new transport links between Asia and Europe through closer cooperation.Jan Mücke, Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of Transport, commented: "We are ready for closer cooperation with China. German expertise and German technology will play an important role in stepping up cooperation. Rail is the backbone of our freight transport. We want to become even more efficient, particularly on long-hauls, and that will also help on transport to and from China."
"China offers growth potential for our customers and for us. The more Chinese production sites that move from the coast inland, the more interesting rail transport to Europe becomes for many manufacturers. We want to meet this demand," added Dr Karl-Friedrich Rausch, member of DB Mobility Logistics' management board responsible for transportation & logistics. "The aim is also to involve the Russian Railways, RZD, to beef up trans-Eurasian rail freight transport."
In 2010, DB International submitted the winning bid in five other construction supervision projects for nine high-speed routes in China. The total contract volume is around €30 million.
ОТКРИВАЊЕ СПОМЕН ПЛОЧЕ ДР ЗОРАНУ ЂИНЂИЋУ У ПАНЧЕВУ
ОТКРИВАЊЕ СПОМЕН ПЛОЧЕ ДР ЗОРАНУ ЂИНЂИЋУ У ПАНЧЕВУ
Скупштина града Панчева донела је одлуку да ће трг у улици Војводе Радомира Путника од сада носити назив по покојном премијеру и Град Панчево је спровео у дело иницијативу НВО Грађанска акција Панчево. Спомен плочу је урадила ликовна уметница Ивана Ракиџић.
Позив градоначелнице суграђанима да подрже акције "Јапанчево" и "Београд за Јапан"
Панчево и Јапан имају врло добре везе и пријатељску сарадњу и ми смо определи два милиона динара помоћи за јапански народ из буџета града Панчева.
Драго ми је да су наши суграђани показали своју хунаманост и својим личним доприносом, а посебно ме радује и охрабрује чињеница да и млади Панчева показују своју хумаоност на најлепши могући начин, организовањем заједничког хуманитарног концерта за помоћ Јапану у Машинској школи у суботу са почетком у 18.00 часова који је подржала и Градска управа.
Такође,у име града Панчева позивам наше суграђане да се придруже скупу БЕОГРАД ЗА ЈАПАН који Град Београд организује у знак солидарности са народом Јапана у недељу, 10. априла у 12 сати на Тргу Републике.
На скупу це бити организована симболична садња 1001 младог стабла трешње у Београду, за Јапан. Преузимањем једне саднице трешње коју ћете засадити у свом дворишту или парку испред своје зграде помоћићете реализацију ове акције.
На Тргу Републике одржаће се и прикладан програм, грађани ће такође имати могућност да на разгледницама, штампаним за ову прилику, исписују своје поруке народу Јапана које це бити предате амбасади Јапана у Београду.
Надам се да ће се панчевци и панчевке придружити овим акцијама и својим присуством допринети да на најбољи начин пружимо подршку овој пријатељској земљи и покажемо солидарност са народом Јапана.
Sunday, April 3, 2011
svetu nikako ugoditi
http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2010&mm=04&dd=03&nav_category=206&nav_id=422142
IZVOR: BETA
IZVOR: BETA
Beograd -- Ministar prosvete Žarko Obradović najavio je da njegovo ministarstvo namerava da traži deo novca od prodaje “Telekoma“ za investicije u prosveti.
Žarko Obradović (Tanjug, arhiva)
"Posle 19 meseci na ovom mestu, mogu da kažem da nisam zadovoljan količinom novca koja se izdvaja za obrazovanje, ali sam zadovoljan što najviši državni predstavnici govore o značaju obrazovanja za razvoj Srbije", rekao je Obradović u intervjuu za list “Danas“.
Obradović je dodao da je Ministarstvu prosvete novac potreban zbog više razloga.
"Kad uzmete podatak da se 95 odsto budžeta Ministarstva prosvete troši na lične dohotke i izdvajanja za lične dohotke zaposlenih, a da za investicije imamo samo jedan do dva odsto, u odnosu na zahteve, logično je da nam za mnoge stvari treba novac", rekao je ministar.
"Kad uzmete podatak da se 95 odsto budžeta Ministarstva prosvete troši na lične dohotke i izdvajanja za lične dohotke zaposlenih, a da za investicije imamo samo jedan do dva odsto, u odnosu na zahteve, logično je da nam za mnoge stvari treba novac", rekao je ministar.
Saturday, April 2, 2011
Moj sajt - moj news panel :)
Post govori o tome kako možete iskoristiti blog kao timeline za vesti koje volite, kao što koristite vaš sajt za youtube pesme koje vam se sviđaju ;)
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